Opioids, antidepressants, and some NSAIDs increase the risk of constipation. Find out which ones do and what helps bowel ...

A new study suggests that the spinal cord can differentiate types of pain before the brain is even aware of the injury.

Patients implanted with a spinal cord simulation system reported less severe pain from baseline to follow up. Treatment also improved sensory nerve function and thermoregulation in extremities.

No significant difference noted in analgesic requirement [105] A118G 588 healthy Asian females had spinal morphine post-cesarean section: 46% AA, 40% AG and 14% GG AA had lowest pain scores and ...

This new study from the Turku PET Centre in Finland demonstrates for the first time that listening to favorite music also activates the brain's opioid receptors. The study measured the release of ...

Additionally, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine how the density of opioid receptors affects brain activation when listening to music. The results show that favorite ...

Participants with higher opioid receptor density showed stronger brain responses to music, highlighting individual differences in musical enjoyment. These findings explain why music can evoke powerful ...

In most vertebrates, painful sensations are known to arise from the nervous system, which includes the brain, an intricate network of nerves and the spinal cord. While the brain's contribution to ...