One of the shortcomings of the current conventional vaccine is the short shelf life once it is formulated either as double-oil emulsion or aluminum gel (for details see [32]).

More than 500,000 cattle have been vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD ... expressed concern that the Kenya Veterinary Vaccine Production Institute (KEVEVAPI) did not have the capacity ...

The Animal Production ... and use of vaccines with a companion test that enables differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals is a new area of research for effective control of animal ...

Symptoms include blisters in the mouth and between the hooves, lameness, fever, loss of appetite, and reduced milk production in ... the disease today.” An FMD vaccine is available, but Hall ...