One of the shortcomings of the current conventional vaccine is the short shelf life once it is formulated either as double-oil emulsion or aluminum gel (for details see [32]).

More than 500,000 cattle have been vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD ... expressed concern that the Kenya Veterinary Vaccine Production Institute (KEVEVAPI) did not have the capacity ...

The Animal Production ... and use of vaccines with a companion test that enables differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals is a new area of research for effective control of animal ...