Hypertension does not directly cause dyspnoea; however it can lead to long-term effects on the heart and arteries ...

[1] A broad definition of dyspnoea stressing the subjective ... an instrument for measurement of breathlessness in patients with acute HF. The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review ...

The more common acute respiratory failures seen at ... wheezing or prolonged expiration and cyanosis. Dyspnea is present in patients with purely mechanical defects and in those with combined ...

Each patient completed the SOB-HF instrument in the ED. The description of the syndrome of HF is based on several components: descriptors of dyspnoea, duration and severity of the symptoms ...