Newly understood instrumentation readings returned in the 1990s from NASA’s Galileo spacecraft in orbit of Jupiter have revealed that the craft not only encountered but also flew through ejecta ...

The Europa Clipper spacecraft took off from ... and identify chemicals that are key components of life on Earth. Robert Pappalardo, the mission’s project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion ...

The Europa Clipper is equipped with nine science ... hand to answer our most pressing questions about Europa,” said Robert Pappalardo, project scientist for the mission at NASA’s Jet ...