Gravity is the only major force in the universe that doesn’t ... and the disconnect between classical gravity and all of our known quantum fields is the reason people continue to feverishly ...

Quantum field theory marries the ideas of other quantum ... of three of the four forces of nature through interactions of force-carrying boson particles with matter-making fermions.

Casimir-Polder Interaction: A quantum force that arises between neutral atoms due to vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. This Nature Research Intelligence Topic summary is one of ...

The most precise description of this force is still provided by ... and electromagnetism—all described by quantum fields. Therefore, any attempt to unify the four forces must depend on a ...

Bosons: Particles that follow Bose-Einstein statistics, such as photons and W/Z bosons, which are force carriers in quantum field theories. This Nature Research Intelligence Topic summary is one ...

What is quantum physics? Put simply, it’s the physics that explains how everything works: the best description we have of the nature of the particles that make up matter and the forces with ...