city-building… brilliant scholarship, and technological innovation. It has come to be remembered as Islam’s ‘golden age’. This is the rise and fall of the Abbasid Caliphate. Russia ...

Above, a 14th-century pharmaceutical container made in Damascus. Photograph by AKG ... between philosophy and medicine during the Islamic golden age. Averroës, author of some of the greatest ...

The Golden Age of Islam saw an explosion of ideas ... The Abbasid caliphs (leaders) wanted people to learn. The city had a number of libraries, universities, hospitals, schools and the famous ...