Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic heart failure (CHF) are two major and even growing cardiovascular conditions that often coexist. However, few data are available to guide treatment of AF in ...

Atrial Fibrillation (AF ... These biomarkers potentially reflect aging, cardiac fibrosis, metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, cardiac load, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation.

The atrioventricular node (AV Node) is a bundle of conduction cells that regulate the communication of atrial electrical ... Pathologic fibrosis of the AV node can occur especially with aging ...